I started this post as a response to a comment on Mitch Townsend’s post on the abandoned textile mills of Massachusetts, but I thought the idea warranted its own space. Arthur Kelley said:
Textiles left Mass and went to the third world. Which, at the time, was the south. The south is no longer third world. Now, and for the same reasons, textiles are leaving the south and going to yet another third world. Textiles will always be a third world industry.
That seems true at first, but looking back to founding of the mills, it obvious that textiles were not a 3rd-world industry in the early 1800s. Back in the early 1800s, textile mills were the high-tech, cutting edge business of their day. Massachusetts was not the 3rd world in the 1800s but instead had one of the highest standards of living in the world. People built textile mills in Massachusetts for the same reason they built computers in California in the 1980s: It was the place to put a high-tech, cutting edge, highly profitable business.
Industries don’t stay cutting edge and high profit forever. They have a life cycle in which they have high margins and big profits in the industry’s infancy but then decreasing margins and profits as the industry ages. Regions that have have infant industries can support a high tax rate, high wages and a high standard of living. Regions that have mature industries have to make do with low taxes, low wages and a lower standard of living.